Entrepreneurship and Creative Partnership in Cultural Heritage Management on the Development of National Medicine Patent: a Contribution to the Current Public Health Issue

Abstract

Statistical data from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of Indonesia reveals an irony in which the domestic patent registration in 2016 was only 1.440, compared to 7.766 registered foreign patents in the same year. Moreover, 96% of medicine patents in Indonesia are for foreign products. As a mega-diversity nation, Indonesia possesses abundant ingredients for medicine. A lot of the ingredients are used for herbal or alternative medicine. Nevertheless, the number of national medicine patents is still not increasing. On the contrary, developed countries with their advanced technology aggressively register their medicine patents. This research aims to identify the collective action theory in the development of national medicine patent in its relation to the current issues such as public health and technology sharing based on mutual benefit. The results showed that collective action had an important role in managing cultural heritage in the form of genetic resources and knowledge of traditional medicine. This research also found that the collaboration of the hexa-helix in developing entrepreneurship and partnership significantly increase national medicine patents.